Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Selected Bangladeshi Local Cattle Using RAPD Markers

Abstract

Indigenous cattle is a potential genetic resources in Bangladesh having dairy potentialities, high resistance to disease and survive harsh environmental condition while require low input supply. In order to develop the specific genetic marker for Bangladeshi native cattle, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of local cattle was performed using eight primers. The primary objectives of the study were to find out the genetic diversity of selected cattle population of Bangladesh and to suggest their improvement and conservation program. This experiment was conducted in the Animal Biotechnology and Cell Culture and Molecular Biology Laboratory under Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University (KU), Khulna, Bangladesh. DNA was extracted from twenty local cattle of the southern part of Bangladesh and the extracted DNA was observed by gel electrophoresis. Eight cattle specific primers were used in the study and two primers were capable of priming polymorphic amplification patterns. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were carried out using DNA samples of twenty local cattle. Only unambiguous, reproducible and scorable polymorphic fragments were taken into consideration for analysis. Highest level of Nei’s gene diversity value (1.00) was observed in Jes-2, Jes-3, Nar-4, Jhen-1 cattle and the low gene diversity value (0.00) was obtained in Khu-5, Nar-1, Nar-3, Nar-5 cattle among the twenty local cattle. The highest number of polymorphism observed was 77.50 percent. The number of monomorphism was 22.50 percent. The pair-wise genetic distance value ranged from 0.00 to 1.00. Dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic indicated segregation of the twenty local cattle. The differences between the highest and lowest genetic distances indicated the presence of variability among the twenty genotype of cattle. The study showed the polymorphism obtained using RAPD-PCR enabled to determine the genetic relationship and fingerprint of the cattle population. Adequate diversity in performance and adaptability can be exploited from the study result for actual improvement accruing to conservation and development of indigenous cattle resources. Therefore, to meet up the demand of dairy and beef industry of Bangladesh, the finding of the present study have an opportunity to improve the cattle population of Bangladesh using selective breeding programs like artificial insemination, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization etc