Profiling of Different Bioactive Compounds in Water Spinach by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) is popularly known as kalmi shak which has played an important role as an energy and a phytochemical source in human nutrition and fish feeding. Consumption of vegetables has been shown to be effective in the prevention of diseases because of its bioactive compounds. The current study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, phytochemical and bioactive compounds from the plant extract of water spinach (I aquatica). The yield of ethanolic extract was found 2.146 % w/w. TLC plates analysis showed antioxidant effect in the water spinach (I aquatica). The phytochemical screening showed positive results for alkaloid, tannins, glycoside and steroid. The crude extract was partitioning into two fractions ofn-Hexane and aqueous ethanol using solvent-solvent partition methods. n-Hexane fraction from the ethanolic extract of water spinach (I aquatica) was separated into thirty-seven sub-fractions using silica column chromatography and a a-Hexane-acetone (3:1, v/v). Five same spots of n-Hexane sub-fractions, n-Hexane fraction, aqueous ethanol fraction and crude ethanolic extract were analyzed by HPLC for profiling bioactive compounds. No antimicrobial activities of these extract showed against three bacterial strains of Escherichia coli. In this study, HPLC technique was used to detect bioactive compounds in a single run by using an ultra-deactivated C18 column. Five, one and five polyphenolic compounds namely catachin, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin hydrate, ellagic acid, gallic acid, catachin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin hydarte and ellagic acid were detected from crude ethanolic extract, n-Hexane fraction and aqueous ethanol fraction respectively by HPLC analysis following indication of the presence antioxidant compounds.