Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Mangrove Plant Goran (Ceriops decandra) for their bioactivity Analysis

Abstract

The microorganism which lives within the intracellular tissue of a plant asymptomatically with maintaining a symbiotic relationship are referred endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi have considered as an outstanding source of secondary metabolites as their host. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identification of endophytic fungi from the leaf tissue of Ceriops decandra to determine their antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Five isolates were identified on the basis of morphological and DNA sequencing of ITS region. Four genera from five isolates viz Curvularia sp.; Colletroticum sp.; Chaetomium sp.; and Fusarium sp. were identified. Phylogenetic analysis of sequenced DNA of ITS region revealed the relatedness of each of the isolated in species leveL A dendrogram was constructed by Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP) version 4.0. Antibacterial study was carried out against two Grampositive and two Gram-negative bacteria by disc diffusion method. Extract GRN-18 (methanolic extract) showed maximum zone of inhibition which was 17.5 mm against 3 bacteria (Micrococcus, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). For screening of antibacterial activity, all the extracts exhibited mild to moderate activity against some of the individual test bacteria. To evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of the fungal extracts, all the extracts were subjected to the DPPH scavenging activity test. Among them extract (GRN-16 metbanolic extract) showed better leso value comparing with standard as Ascorbic acid (10.9730~glml). Endophytic fungi isolated from the C.decandra have lower cytotoxicity in nature. Extract GRN- 7 (Colletroticum gloeosporioides spp.) showed moderately good activity with low Leso value against the nauplii when compared. This study could be taken as a good source of reference in the scientific world for the discovery of potential bioactive compounds.