Molecular Characterization of Selected Local And Exotic Cattle Using RAPD Markers

Abstract

Cattle is a potential genetic resource in Bangladesh having dairy potentialities, high resistance to disease and survive harse environmental condition while require low input supply. In order to develop the specific genetic marker for Bangladeshi native cattle and exotic breeds, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of local Pabna, Red Chittagong and Sahiwal cattle was performed using 12 primers. The major objective of the study was to find out the genetic diversity of selected cattle population of Bangladesh and to suggest their improvement and conservation program. The experiment was conducted in Animal Cell Culture and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh. Different blood samples were collected from Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, cattle farm Savar, Dhaka. DNA was extracted from 20 local and exotic cattle blood samples and the extracted DNA was observed by gel electrophoresis. Randomly 12 primers were tested among them three primers were matched and found polymorphic. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA and Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis were carried out using DNA samples of the cattle. Genetic relations between breeds were determined by RAPD polymorphisms from a total of 56.73% loci. Statistical analysis of the data, estimating the genetic distances among cattle and sketching the cluster trees were performed using COMPONENT method. Comparatively the highest genetic distance 0.8387 was found between SL-623 and RCC-82. The lowest genetic distance 0.0303 was observed between M-S730 and M-1222. The difference between the highest and lowest genetic distance indicated the presence of variability among the 20 genotype of cattle. The study showed that the polymorphisms obtained using RAPD-PCR enabled to determine of the genetic relationships and fingerprints of the cattle population. Adequate diversity in performance and adaptability can be exploited from the study results for actual improvement accruing to conservation and development of indigenous cattle resources. The genetic diversity of Red Chittagong and Sahiwal cattle was relatively higher for a prescribed breed. Therefore, to meet up the demand of dairy and beef industry of Bangladesh, the findings of the present study have an opportunity to improve the present cattle population of Bangladesh using selective breeding programmes like artificial insemination, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization etc.