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Study On Present Fisheries Status Of Chalan Beel In Natore
(Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 2003-07-01) Zaman, Md. Ibta Hazuz; Anisul Huq, Khandaker; Farhana Afrin
The study was carried out to evaluate the present fishery status of Chalan beel in Natore. It was conducted from August 2002 to July 2003 in Chalan beel floodplain. The investigation was designed with the assessment of water quality, fish species composition, fishing systems, marketing profile of the study area. There were considerable fluctuation ill transparency and water depth but no considerable fluctuation in temperature, D.O. and pH. The highest water depth was found highest level 3.76 m. in August 2002 whereas the lowest level was .378 m. in April 2003. In Chalan beel, water transparency was highest 27.5 em. in October 2002 and lowest was 12.5 cm. in June 2003. The maximum water temperature was 31.70 C in July 2003 and the minimum was 18.6° C in January 2003. The dissolved oxygen of water was recorded as highest level of 5.78 in January 2003 and lowest level was 4.48 in March 2003. The water pH was measured to be 8.4 at maximum level in August 2002 and the minimum level was 7.1 in March and April 2003. Great diversity with regard to species composition was seen. A total 84 species of fish and 3 species of shrimps were identified. A total 5 types of crafts and 37 types of fishing gear were found to be presently used in the floodplains. In the study area, the marketing channel was associated with primary market, secondary market, higher secondary market and distribution market. In the market, the fish was landed at peak level in November whereas the down season was ranged from March to April. In the preservation system, fish was iced and dried. It was observed that most of this beel had considerable coverage of paddy and therefore is dominated with a detritus food chain. The extent and length of flooding was found to govern the limno-biology of flood plains, but the habitat diversity was also important factor determining beel productivity. Chalan beel floodplain fishery is regarded as an important source of food and income for poor fishermen and farmers.
Some Aspects of Biology and Biochemical Composition of Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1794)
(Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 2003-06-01) Abdul Bari, Md.; Mustafizur Rahman, SK.; Farhana Afrin
To study the biology of the snakehead, Channa punctatus in Khulna region, sex ratio, monthly changes in GSI and fecundity were observed in the-Laboratory. Male-female ratio of the studied species was 1: 0.57. Fecundity of the fish ranged from 2274 to 9795 in fishes total length ranged of 18-15.5 cm, The fecundity is more directly related to the ovary weight The regression line of fecundity in total length, standard length and gonad weight were all found to be linear and their co-efficient were all positive and significant (P<>O.05). But the regression line of fecundity in body weight was negative. From their monthly dynamics in GSI, spawning seemed to have taken place somewhere between May to June with a peak- in June for male and between May to June with a peak. in May for female. Furthermore, GSI revealed that C punctatus has a short spawning season. The effects of the parts of body, size class, sun drying, oven drying, boiling, frying, freezing and eggs on proximate composition of C punctatus were determined. Large size fishes were high in protein (19.37 ± 021 %) and fat (1.10 ± 0.03%) and low in ash (1.75 ± 0.02%) and moisture (79.64 ± 0.10%) whilst small size fish low in protein (17.77 ± 0.14%) and fat (0.73 ± 0.14%) and high in moisture (82.73 ±L03%). For different body parts, the protein content was higher in the head portion of male (19.86 ± 0.02%) than female; the lipid content was higher in different parts of male than female. The percentage of ash. content ranged between 125 and 3.54. % and among the different portions of male and female-fish, moisture content was the highest in tail (77.43 ± 0.89%)and the lowest in head (7631 ± O.09%} of male. These were inversely related to female. The protein, lipid and ash content in the fish flesh, sun dried fish, oven dried fish, boiled fish, fried fish, freezed fish and fish eggs ranged from 18.63 ± 1.29 to 66.51 ± 4.87, 0.56 ±0.45 to 30.03 ± 1.40 and 1.20 ± 0.14 to 34.17 ± 1.29%, respectively. In general dried fish and fish eggs showed higher protein and lipid content. Monthly changes in nutrient content like protein, lipid, ash and moisture were assessed in the snakehead, C punctatus in both wet weight (body flesh) and dry weight (whole body) basis from the month May 2002 to April 2003. The highest value of protein in the body flesh was found in November (22.34 ± 0.31%) for Male and in September (22.57 ± 2.02%) for female. The highest value of lipid was found in February for male (2.49 ± 0.17%) and female (2.64 ! 0.32%).The highest value of ash was found in September (2.12 ± 057%) for male and February (2.28 ± 1.04%) for female. The highest value of moisture content was found in August for male (81.36 ± 1.36%) and female (80.01 ± 0.14%). On the dry weight (whole body) basis, the highest value of protein (78.67 ± 0.35%), lipid (21.60 ± 0%), ash (34.17 ± 1.29%) and moisture (75.48%) was found in January, April, July and November, respectively for male. On the other hand, the highest value of protein (76.13 ± 0.83%), lipid (19.58 ± 0.12%), ash (28.59 ± 0.49%) and moisture (76.53%) was found in September, March, June and October, respectively for female fish. From the nutritional point of view it shows that the nutrient content of snakehead fish C punctatus is undeniable compared to other small and large fishes.
Seasonal Changes in GSI, Fecundity and Biochemical Composition of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus)
(Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 2003-07-01) Abdur Rahman, Mohammad; Mustafizur Rahman, SK. (Supervisor); Farhana Afrin
To classify the biology of the Clarias batrachus, in Khulna region, sex ratio, monthly changes in GSI and fecundity were observed in the Laboratory. Male-female ratio of the studied species was 1: 0.94. Fecundity of the fish ranged from 1875 to 10798 in the total length ranged of 22.3-23:7 em. The fecundity is more directly related to the ovary weight. The regression line of fecundity in total length, standard length and gonad weight were all found to be linear and their co-efficient were all positive and significant at 5% level of significance. But the regression line of fecundity in body weight was negative. From their monthly dynamics in GSI, spawning seemed to have taken place somewhere between May to July with a peak in June for male and between June to August with a peak in June for female. Furthermore, GSI revealed that Clarias batrachus has a short spawning season. For different body parts, the protein content was higher in the middle portion of male (19.17± 0.303%) and in female it was (19.03 ± 0.131) in tail; the lipid content was higher in middle portion of male (1.19 ± 0.270) and female (l.10 ± 0.213). The percentage of ash content was highest in the head portion of male (12.88 ± 0.177) and female (12.20 ± 0.046), moisture content was highest in middle (79.31 ± 0.238%) and lowest in head (69.87 ± 0.270%) of male. For female the highest moisture content was in the middle (80.43 ± 0.15) and lowest was in the head (71.9 ± 0.136). Annual changes in nutrient content like protein, lipid, ash and moisture were assessed in the Clarias batrachus in both wet weight (body flesh) and dry weight (whole body) basis during the month May 2002 to Apri12003. The highest value of protein in the body flesh was found in October (21.75 ± 3.897%) for Male and in August (20.303 ± 0.040%) for female. The highest value of lipid was found in December for male (5.038 ± 1.314%) and for female the value was in the month of January (5.672 ± 0.064%). The highest value of ash was found in October (2.053 ± 0.632%) for male and September (1.825 ± 0.154%) for female. The highest value of moisture content was found in July for male (80.01 ± 0.085%) and for female the in was in the month of April (80.33 ± 0.129%). For whole body, the highest value of protein (19.322 ± 0.901%), lipid (7.761 ± 0.66%), ash (5.613 ± 0.532%) and moisture (79.13 ± 0.163%) was found in December, October, December and July, respectively for male. On the other hand, the highest value of protein (18.899 ±0.154%), lipid (5.10 ± 0.028%), ash (5.430 ± 0.037%) and moisture (76.72 ± 0.276%) was found in July, May, June and October, respectively for female fish. From the nutritional point of view it shows that the nutrient content of Clarias batrachus is undeniable compared to other small and large fishes.
The Management, Operation And The Socio-Economic Status Of Women In Some Selected Sea Food Industries
(Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 2003-07) Rahman, S.M. Ashikur; Farhana Afrin
The study was conducted in five seafood industries of Khulna region with a view to assess the status of the industries and the socio-economic condition of female workers. It was observed that most of the seafood industries were established after 1980 while only Bangladesh sea food indo ltd. was stablished in 1969. These seafood industries received financial support from Sonali Bank, Agrani Bank and National Bank. The layout plan of these industries were well designed and each industry had two floors while only Bagerhat sea food indoltd. had one floor. On the ground floor, there were all necessary sections such as receiving, processing, storing etc. while laboratory, office rooms, general store room, staff room, prayer room etc. were facilitated in the first floor. All the five seafood industries were private company headed by Board of Directors. They were the owners of the company and decision making authorities for over all development of the company. All the five seafood industries had at least two ice plants which produced block and flake ice and mitigated the ice requirements through the year. Chemical fire extinguisher, gas and sand were used as the fire control equipment for safety of the employers, products and overall industry. Most of the industries had at least two generators bought from different countries (UK, Japan, Germany and South Korea) while Bangladesh sea food indoltd. had only one generators bought from UK The highest number (7) of compressors found in Bangladesh sea food indo ltd., Southern foods ltd. and MU sea foods ltd. while Bagerhat sea food indo ltd. had the lowest numbers (5) and Delta fish ltd. had 6 compressors. Compressors were imported from India, Japan, England, Denmark and Russia. Production practices of frozen raw materials were almost similar in the five industries. Shrimps and prawns such as Bagda (Penaeus monodon), golda (Macrobrachium rosenbergiii, Harina (Metapenaeus monoceros) and Chaka (Penaeus indicusy and white fishes such as Tenualosa ilisha, Labeo rohita Calla calla etc. were mainly used as raw materials. Processing by contact plate freezer were usually carried out by all the five industries. Besides, Bangladesh sea food indo ltd., Bagerhat sea food indo ltd. and Delta fish ltd. had IQF and MU sea foods ltd. had air blast freezer. These industries used higher concentration (20 ppm) of chlorine water initially for processing and reduced the concentration to 5 ppm Cl, until panning or at the IQF stage. All the five industries used Ultra Violet ray to treat water. The types of pack for frozen products were done depending upon buyer's requirements. Most of the industries carried out manual or semi-auto process of carton binding except Bangladesh sea food indo ltd. where cartonbinding was done automatically while in Southern foods ltd. and MU sea foods ltd., carton binding was fully manual. All the five industries had more than two cold storages for storing frozen products. The highest capacity was found in Bangladesh sea food indo ltd. (650 ton) while lowest in Bagerhat sea food indoltd. (220 ton). In the seafood industries investigated women usually worked in all sections. Survey results found that majority of female workers were found to be young and 55% covered the age limit of 15-29. Amongst women workers, 88% were muslims and the rest were hindus while only 2 were christians. 55% of the female workers were divorced and oppressed by their husbands. 57% of them were illiterate while 23% were literate. 68% of the female workers had single family. 36% had families consisting of 3-4 members and 26% had 5-6 members of their families. Most of the female workers (88%) were of rural origin. 66% of female workers were recruited by contractors and 21% were recruited as causal employee. 78% of the female workers had to work for 8-12 hours a day. However, in comparison to hard work by the male workers, their incomes were very poor and ranged between 1400-2400 taka per month. The overtime rate was also low and varied between day and night The paying system was very irregular and 94% of the female workers did not get payment regularly. 81% of the female workers were unsatisfied with their jobs and for this job mobility among the workers was high. 77% of the female workers changed industry to obtain better salary. 80% of the workers received training. 60% of female workers were the primary earner of their families, 33% contributed to family earning while only 7% played a key role in family decision making. Near about 100% female workers claimed that the management and co-male workers of the industry behaved very roughly with them. However, the overall status of the five seafood industries related to quality of seafood products were very high.
An Enquiry into the Contribution of the Fish Marketing and Distribution System to Economic Indicators in the Khulna City of Bangladesh
(Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 2003-06) Ahsan, Mohammad Nazmul
A number or wholesale and retail fish markets in Khulna city were studied on quantitative and qualitative data collected at each. The qualitative data included a description of the market and the traders operating in it. The typical nature of indebtedness. and any associations or co-operatives based at the market. The quantitative data included information on the number of traders and their costs, business revenues and net incomes. In the Khulna fish distribution chain the aratdars. the commission agents who organise the wholesale markets may be able to collude to control the passage of fish through the arats. Whole sale markets in the city. The distinctive stages in fish marketing are: (1) fish catching (2) fish collection (3) fish wholesaling in arats and (4) fish retailing. Fish catchers are very numerous,