Study on the Impact of Metal Nanoparticles on Physiology and Metabolism of Plants: A Review

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used in plant science to improve physiology and metabolism of plant. The large surface area and small size are some of the desired attributes for NPs that can substantially ameliorate plants physiological processes, metabolism. Some metal and metal oxide nanoparticles influence the growth and development of plants. They generally enhance or reduce seed germination, shoot/root growth, biomass production and physiological and biochemical activities. This review focused on the prominent effect of Metal Nanoparticles (MNPs) on plant physiology and metabolism and to understand the prospects and problem for future research. Their uptake by plants and it's interaction with plants are also discussed for better understanding. However, Metal Nanoparticles have not always positive impact on plant in some cases; MNPs negatively affect plants due to their toxic nature. These toxic effects depend upon the size, concentration, nature and shape of nanoparticles, as well as the used plant species. MNPs also show impact on plants secondary metabolism. Alternatively, MNPs do not always exhibit positive or negative impacts on plants and no physiological influences are sometimes observed. Considering such diversity of responses after the use of MNPS on plants, this review summarizes the progress made in nanotechnology on the influence of different MNPs in plant physiology and metabolism.